When filled, it ascends to the greater pelvis in the extraperitoneal fatty tissued of the anterior abdominal wall. It is relatively free in the extraperitoneal subcutaneous fatty tissue. It is separated from the pubic symphysis by the retropubic space and lies mostly inferior to the peritoneum. The urinary bladder is located in the lesser pelvis (after puberty), lying partially superior and partially posterior to the pubic bones. The openings of the ureteric orifices are encircled by loops of the detrusor musculature, that tighten during bladder contraction, thus preventing reflux of urine back to the ureters. At the inferior angle of the trigone, lies the internal urethral orifice. They lie at the angles of the trigone of the bladder and they form the interureteric crest. Lateral umbilical ligaments: they are remnants of embryonic umbilical arteries and ascend from the body of the bladder to the umbilicus.Median umbilical ligament: it is a continuation of the apex and ends to the umbilicus and is the remnant of the embryonic urachus.Fundus – it lies posteriorly and is the anterior border of the rectovesical pouch in males and vesicouterine pouch in females.Body – it proceeds upwards towards the vertex, the apex of the bladder. In older men where the posterior prostatic lobe is hypertrophic, the uvula is more prominent. The uvula of bladder is slight elevation of the trigone, just above the neck. The internal urethral sphincter is also responsible for preventing reflux of semen (retrograde ejaculation) into the bladder, since it closes the internal urethral orifice during the ejaculation. One of the main reasons for its ability to change in volume and size, is the pseudo-stratified transitional epithelial lining in its internal surface and of course the elasticity of the muscular walls. The urinary bladder is a hollow viscus, with strong muscular walls (the detrusor muscle and internal urethral sphincter involuntary innervated), distinguished for its distensibility.
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March 2023
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